Literary devices

Symbolism

Light- Light is associated with goodness and knowledge. "Country of eternal light" "the sun is forever visible" 
The symbol of light, introduced in Walton’s first letter appears again in Victor’s narrative, this time in a scientific context. “From the midst of this darkness,” Victor says when describing his discovery of the secret of life, “a sudden light broke in upon me—a light so brilliant and wondrous.” Light reveals, illuminates, clarifies; it is essential for seeing, and seeing is the way to knowledge. Just as light can illuminate, however, so can it blind; pleasantly warm at moderate levels, it ignites dangerous flames at higher ones. Immediately after his first metaphorical use of light as a symbol of knowledge, Victor retreats into secrecy and warns Walton of “how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge.” Thus, light is balanced always by fire, the promise of new discovery by the danger of unpredictable—and perhaps tragic—consequences.

The path that Victor climbs in chapter 10 is representative of the 'path of life'. "The path, as you ascend higher, is intersected by ravines of snow, down which stones continually roll from above" "One of them is particularly dangerous" The paths to exploration and discovery are dangerous, and the path of Victor's life has become  more difficult due to his meddling with the natural order of things. 

Setting

• Although the frame story is set aboard Captain Walton’s ship in the frozen waters of the Arctic, the events of the story happen all over Europe, from Geneva to the Alps to France, England, and Scotland, as well as the university at Ingolstadt. 
• since exploration of the unknown (and that includes geography) is one of the over-arching themes, the setting is quite broadly constructed from a whole series of places rather than one singular location.
• reminiscent of Dante’s description of the ninth and innermost circle of Hell in Inferno. 
• "Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness?" Nature as a force in itself, able to provoke or influence the emotions of its inhabitants. Reflected in the monsters tranquillity when he is at one with nature. Romantic element of nature, and the strong effect it has on humans.
• "I saw the lightnings playing on the summit of Mount Blanc" Lightning reminiscent of bringing back to life, electricity. Hitting when he comes home could represent Victors renewal of life now he is back in his home town surrounded by loved ones, or could represent that lightning also is dangerous and can take away life, as can God. 
• "The storm appeared to be approaching rapidly" The storm could represent Frankenstein's monster is approaching, or more ill fate is coming. 
• The power of nature helps Victor temporarily forget about his anguish. "I ceased to fear" the dashing of the waterfalls around, spoke of a power mighty as omnipitence" 
• Setting reflects the nature of the story in chapter 10 "these sublime and magnificent scenes" the sublime is a heavy feature of this novel.
• Nature "bade me be at peace" relaxing effect of nature on Victor. 
• Learning from nature- the creation relies on nature to survive. 
• The creature learns about fire, how it is hot and burns, how it provides heat and comfort and light. Links back to the alternate title of Frankenstein, The mordern prometheus. The greek God who stole fire from the gods to give to the humans. The creation is too learning how pivotal it is in survival. 
• Victor’s formerly intense connection with sublime nature continues to fade, providing him no refuge from the horror of the monster’s deeds. No longer an enlightening or elevating source of inspiration or consolation, the natural world becomes a mere landscape within which Victor’s tragic dance with the monster plays itself out. The barren Arctic wasteland into which Victor soon chases the monster embodies the raw and primal quality of his hatred for his creation and becomes the final, inescapable resting place for both man and monster.
  
  

Tone
 Elements of Romanticism, tragedy, the Gothic and fatalism.

Character of Mr Kirwin shows the good in humanity- takes care of the murderous in that they are cared for in his vicinity  

Foreshadowing
"you have regarded with such evil forebodings"
Reference to Homer and Shakespeare, both tragedians. 
"To seek the one who fled from me" Makes the reader question what happened between to two and what was such a great event that cause Victor to follow it to the Arctic cirlce.
"So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein—more, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation."His nightmares reflect his horror at what he has done and also serve to foreshadow future events in the novel. The images of Elizabeth “livid with the hue of death” prepare the reader for Elizabeth’s eventual death and connect it, however indirectly, to the creation of the monster.
 Victor’s passion will not be tempered by any consideration of the possible horrific consequences of his search for knowledge. 
"It is even possible that the train of my ideas would never have received the fatal impulse that led to my ruin"
Chapter 6's reference to Justine followed by the reference to William seems to foreshadow Williams death. "Little darling William" and "rosy with health" forebode the unfortunate end of him. Innocence in William is reflected in the innocence of the creation. 
"He is murdered" foreshadowing that is was the monster as he has been absent from the narrative since chapter 5. Assume he is a horrible evil creature. 
"I did not conceive the hundredth part of the anguish I was destined to endure." There are worse events to come. The loss of a loved one as close as his brother shows that the pain he will feel will be much worse. 
"I now hasten to the more moving part of my story" The creation is hinting at unfortunate events to come, possibly explaining Williams death
Chapter 23: "suddenly a heavy storm of rain descended" 


Apostrophe
Shelley employs other literary devices from time to time, including apostrophe, in which the speaker addresses an inanimate object, absent person, or abstract idea. Victor occasionally addresses some of the figures from his past as if they were with him on board Walton’s ship. “Excellent friend!” he exclaims, referring to Henry. “How sincerely did you love me, and endeavor to elevate my mind, until it was on a level with your own.” Apostrophe was a favorite of Mary Shelley’s husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, who used it often in his poetry; its occurrence here might reflect some degree of Percy’s influence on Mary’s writing.

Frame narrative
As in the first three chapters, Victor repeatedly addresses Walton, his immediate audience, reminding the reader of the frame narrative and of the multiple layers of storytellers and listeners. Structuring comments such as “I fear, my friend, that I shall render myself tedious by dwelling on these preliminary circumstances” both remind the reader of the target audience (Walton) and help indicate the relative importance of each passage.
The sub-plot of Safie and the cottagers adds yet another set of voices to the novel. Their story is transmitted from the cottagers to the monster, from the monster to Victor, from Victor to Walton, and from Walton to his sister, at which point the reader finally gains access to it. This layering of stories within stories enables the reworking of familiar ideas in new contexts.
In chapter 23 "my own strength is exhausted; and I must tell, in a few words, what remains of my hideous narration"